I know they signify something but I'm not exactly sure what it is. You might thing size, like diameter in MM or something, but I don't think that's it. The BS38s, which are a larger carb, use plates with smaller numbers (120 and 125), which wouldn't make sense if it was size. It may have something to do with the angle of the bevel on the top and bottom of the plate.
What I can tell you is these were never listed as a separate part. If you need a replacement, you'll have to scrounge one from another set of carbs. The need does arise. I've had to replace a couple sets because the originals were damaged, bent, or filed. Both were BS34 sets and I was able to scrounge the plates from some XS400 carbs and some Suzuki carbs from the GS400/425/450 model.