Well, they can and do track in the US by means to automatic plate reader link-ups. GPS isn't essential, and they can located phone roughly, maybe 20 meter, without gps, simply by towers and algo. There is plenty of evidence for this revealed in cop radio traffic, if you are near major highway points...they seem to favor out of state plates..and like to do "voluntary search", which is follow'd by "warning on lighting", or by an arrest sometimes. I eschew electronic on car and scooter, and keep the old flip-burnphone in condition "off" , and wrapped in wrinkled aluminum foil (better scatter an' all). The plate tracking does not seem to work well with bikes...angle of plate may matter. Adjacent IR lamps also may matter (hint).. And I pay cash, hoodie, shades, and so on... Not that I mind being tracked (hi fellas and gals and, "other"!)... It's an old fella game. Longtimeago (50 years!) by the river at midnight I heard a story from a stranger...lived as a kid in Florida, and lived by unlicensed organic chemistry sales... fed put radio tracker in the nice drums of reagents...kid took the load out into the swamp with the cops tailing...ditches with gaters both sides, kid did the Immelmann gag - spun around, floored it and headed straight at the cops. A matter of perceived value...for cops it was a job, for dealer it was life. I think it's a true story. The point being that tracking works in both directions, it opens possibilities for fun and games, mutual deceptions, and the fellas get paid, for cops it's rice bowl. Let's recall Jake and Ellwood and the guys...1066 West Addison (Wrigley Field) and SCMODS... the old days.