Solid state regulators (type A) vary the ground wire of the rotor to regulate charging. If you take that wire, the green one and ground it, it will allow full battery voltage through the rotor. That gives you max charging. So if the voltage climbs with revs... it can go upwards of 15+ volts... then that tells you the rotor, stator and rectifier are working (charging).
If it wasn't charging before, but grounding the green wire lets it charge, it means the regulator isn't regulating the ground wire correctly. Ergo, the regulator is bad.
If nothing changed when you grounded the green wire, then it's not the regulator... or not just the regulator. You might have multiple component failures.