Lack of knowledge and carelessness.
It's quite common to seat the seal then ram the valve up through the guide with scant attention paid to safeguarding the lip of the seal as the collet groove passes it.
First thing you know about it is on start-up and it smokes like a bandit. There's no short-cut but to re-do it again, and if you're unlucky your engine won't be one that allows in-situ access to the seal like shown above.
I always put the valve through, then put a piece of polythene over the stem before putting the seal down, that way it's protected.
Never had one fail, and have been especially careful of the Viton seals because of the cost of them.