welcome, try to resist the temptation to tear into it before doing a ton of reading first.
81H. Means it has spoke wheels and not mags. Factory Electronic ignition, (TCI).
Get a Manual. Here is a link to online Manuals. Look for the............. 82SJ manual..........your bike is a year earlier and the only real difference is the wheels, (more spokes), and an extra relay for the side stand.
https://thexscafedotcom.wordpress.com/tag/manual/
Get hold of this guy, he rebuild carbs and may have a set for sale, good prices and they are set up to how you describe the bikes set up.
https://www.facebook.com/Oldskoolcarbs-485002854895718/
If you don't have facefook then get hold of him through here. Shops thread on this site.
http://www.xs650.com/threads/carburetor-rebuilding-oldskoolcarbs.5882/page-9
Unless the engine is seized and the wiring is chewed and abused then getting a set of carbs a
new battery then working on it as is and got going, you will learn more about the bike than tearing it down.
Use the "Tech Menu", scroll down to the "Troubleshooting and Maintenance" section and read threads 1, 3, 4, for starters.
Some electrical threads.
http://www.xs650.com/threads/what-happens-when-you-turn-your-key-on.9625/
http://www.dansmc.com/electricaltesting.htm
http://www.xs650.com/threads/grounds-so-important.41775/
http://www.xs650.com/threads/wiring-harness-musings.18925/
http://www.xs650.com/threads/expanded-charging-system-guide-in-progress.10561/
If the wiring is good the first thing that should be done to the bike is clean all connections, (bullet, couplings, earth/grounds), switches and replace any that are damaged/worn out and check for broken or cut wires.
This thread may help as well. Manual link i posted above is superior to the links in this thread.
http://www.xs650.com/threads/xs650-...workshop-manuals-and-other-information.30569/
Buy a good, ($10 one will work but......), multi meter and learn to continuity test the wiring. This will tell you if there are broken wires in the loom.
This should keep you going for a while....................