Until battery/car manufacturers make them a universal fit for all makes and models of cars the pollution to the environment will not have the long term savings that could possibly be made
Here is a good article on the real cost of building an EV.....Like all vehicles if the maintenance isn't done right the car will cost more environmentally.
And we all know that vehicle owners are all fastidious about maintaining their vehicles to top notch condition
https://get-green-now.com/environmental-impact-electric-vehicle-batteries/
An extract from above link.
Life Cycle Analysis Comparison: Electric Vs. Gasoline Vehicles
According to a
report from the Union of Concerned Scientists, the production of a full-sized long-range electric vehicle (similar to a Tesla Model S) adds about
6 tons of
CO2 equivalent emissions,
68% higher than the production of a comparable gasoline car.
Most of these increased emissions come from
battery manufacturing and
resource extraction for the battery.
However, even with increased manufacturing emissions, the average EV is still better for the environment than a comparable gas car when you consider their lifetime CO2 eqiuvalent emissions in the United States (this includes the disposal/recycling phases).
It’s important to note that a new gasoline car is greener than a new electric car out-of-the-lot. However, the longer you drive an EV, the more environmentally friendly it gets, because the increased manufacturing emissions are quickly offset by reduced emissions from driving on electricity instead of gasoline.
Overall,
it takes about 19,000 miles (16 months) of driving to offset the increased emissions from the production of an EV equivalent to the Tesla Model S. For smaller EVs like the Nissan Leaf, this time is even less (~4,900 miles).
To create a lithium battery, you need lithium carbonate. This concentrated material comes as the result of refining a raw “soup” of lithium-containing salts in evaporation pools.
Pools of mineral-rich brine (water with high concentrations of salt) are left to evaporate until the solid salts can be filtered out. The process is water-intensive, using up to
500,000 gallons of water per ton of lithium carbonate produced.
Making matters worse, the process of refining lithium also uses
toxic chemicals like hydrochloric acid, which can leach into local ecosystems and habitats.
Researchers in Nevada found that pollution from mining chemicals had effects on fish as far as
150 miles downstream from a lithium mining operation.
The chemicals and mining processes used inevitably lead to
water, soil, and air pollution, with major implications for the surrounding landscapes and ecosystems.